Shalamo Duguna, Dawit Guguna, and Abdullah Abdo Mohammed Noman. “The Observability Paradox in Artificial Intelligence Ethics: Philosophical Foundations of Explainability and Epistemic Limits in Autonomous Decision Systems”. Big.D, vol. 3, no. 3, July 2026, pp. 9-14, doi:10.64504/big.d.v3i3.773.